Evolution of Police Responsibilities an Example by

Evolution of Police Responsibilities Abstract Need essay sample on "Evolution of Police Responsibilities" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The presence of police enforcers in a community or even in a state is almost a necessity. The whole idea of having police officers around makes the citizenry or the community in general safe and secure in their own homes. The time old dependency towards police officers as keeper of safety and security emanates from the principle that the responsibilities of these police officers support the core idea of societys law and order. The police officers role in the community as the protector and the person charged for the enforcement of law developed over the years. College Students Very Often Tell EssayLab professionals: How much do I have to pay someone to write my paper now? Specialists suggest: Winning Academic Essay Writing Delivered On Time Online Essay Writing Company Do My Essay Online Essay Writer Service Cheap Essay Writing Service Indeed, from being Praetorian Guard of the ancient Rome to the modern law enforcers of today, the responsibilities of these law enforcers have incredibly increased, expand or otherwise changed in its generic sense. But what brought about these changes? Is it the society which dictates the changes in the responsibilities of law enforcers? Or is it the societys leader? Or is it the societys law itself? Considering the great differences between the past and the present responsibilities of police officers have, this paper will discuss what have brought these changes. How Have the Responsibilities of Police Officers Changed Overtime? Law enforcement is as age old as the law which it tries to enforce. Thus, the changes and developments in the history of law may be considered as the direct link in the development of law enforcement. In discussing therefore how the changes in the responsibilities of law enforcers came about, this report will pide the era of law enforcement to the 1) Primitive and Ancient era; 2) City-State Era; 3) Progressive and Modern Day Era. The Police in the Primitive Era Enforcement of law and policing in the pre-civilized communities is guided by the Tribal System. In this system, the tribal chief is the repository of all executive, legislative and judicial power. This tribal chief has enormous power to give tasks to his tribal members including serving as his or his familys body guard. Considering that the law enforced in this era is retaliatory, the aggrieved family members are the one who capture and give punishment to the accused. In ancient Egypt, the Pharaoh is regarded as the leader of the community. Because war at such time is common, the pharaoh appoints a bodyguard to protect him and his family from assassinations. Other than this, the pharaoh also who appoints persons who are considered as public officers who performs police functions. Their weapon and symbol of authority is a staff topped by a metal knob engraved with the kings name (Wrobleski and Hess, 2006, p.5). Historians believe that the police baton of the modern day police origin from this staff of the Egyptian thus, creating the common notion that the Egypt, being the first known civilization, was a police state. Thus, from the foregoing, the responsibilities of persons regarded as the police officers of today was only basic guarding and protecting the lives of the chosen few or those that belongs to the upper class of the society. The person who serves as the police at that time therefore, has very limited and well-define as it does not concern the community at all but only certain number of powerful persons. The Police in the City-State Era The rise of the city-state brought with it the system of a clearer criminal justice system, though punishments indicated therein may still be considered inhuman and excessive in the present times. Group of person are commonly employed to bring violators before the throne of justice in the name of the king. Thus, mercenary system and secret police are later on employed. It is only in Rome that the first official groups of law enforcers are created in the person of the Praetorian Guard. They are formed by the first emperor of Rome, Augustus Ceasar. Aside from guarding the life of the emperor, their job also consists of guarding the palace and to patrol the city. Later the Vigiles or the Watchmen of Rome were created. Initially, their function only consists of fire fighting but the same developed to include arresting of law breakers based ob their own judgment. The Middle Ages introduced the class system where there is a definite pision between the rich and the poor. Thus, as this classification prevails, the watch system was introduced. It is a system where great importance was placed on patrolling the streets and guarding cities from sunset to sunrise. The primary function of policing became class control or keeping an eye on the vagrants, immigrants, thieves and outsiders in general. It may be said that at that time what the society designates as a crime flows from an attempt on the part of the subordinate class to re-equalize distribution of assets either on a collective basis through rebellions, revolution or riots or on an inpidual bases. Hence, at such time, the police agency becomes necessary as one institution to aid maintaining equilibrium of inequality (Robinson, Scaglion and Olivero, 1994, p. 47). It may be said therefore that during this era, the responsibilities of the enforcers of the law is beginning to widen as it does not only concern a specific family or person but it gave attention to the need of the society in general, the need of the society to harmonize the relationships of the different class and the need for the peace and order in the community. The Police in the Progressive and Modern Day Era The watch system was slowly left behind by the introduction of many forms policing. In England, for example, the first detectives were given birth by the name of the Bow Street Runners. This group of men first swept and clean Bow Street then later on, they were tasked to patrol the streets and combat highway robberies and other lawlessness. Then came the Bobbies of London which performs similar tasks. However, it is only through Robert Peel that the idea of policing became quite clear. He introduced the 12- point guideline or the Peelian Reform which became the world standard in policing and included therein the code of discipline, appearance, recruitment and visibility of the police officers (Danztker,1998,p.28-29). Today, responsibilities of police officers may be regarded as extensive as they adopt more on the needs of the society. Unlike the pre-modern era, their job does not only include the arrest of violators of the law but to the great extent, the maintenance of the order of the community (Walker, 1977, 143). The birth of modern technology widens the scope of police to include those that are committed not only in the community where they are in but also as to those committed in the cyberspace. Furthermore, the increasing numbers of crimes that are considered defiance against all state creates the InterPol. Thus, in the modern times, the responsibilities of law enforcers include not only protecting life and property but also it involves enforcing the law, performing criminal investigation and a more interaction with the need of the community through regulating traffic, control and other public safety duties. Policing has indeed included an array of activities in different contexts, but the predominant ones are concerned with order maintenance and the provision of services (Neocleous,2004, 93-94). Police responsibilities continues to increase as they are not only regarded as keepers of the law but also a person whom the society can depend on not only in times of criminal violence and lawlessness but also during helplessness due to personal circumstances, like when there is domestic trouble, and chaos that was brought about by nature like in times of calamities. Conclusion The responsibilities of the police enforcers had deliberately changed over the centuries. From being just the body guard of the elite or the chosen few to the person who is now playing a major role in the community as the protector and enforcer of law and order in the modern context. These changes were brought about by the first, the change in our system of law. This is best illustrated in the primitive times where the principle that is being followed is lex taliones and people themselves are the enforcers of the law. This is much different from the modern times where the help of the law enforcers are needed in order to execute the law. Second, the evolution of the responsibilities of law enforcers has changed due to the change in the society itself. Police responsibility therefore is a product of the societal structure of which it is a part. Simply stated, where the structure of a society provides more or less an equal right and opportunity for all societal members to share in access toand use of basic resources, then the police has as its function to see that inpiduals who attempt to interfere with that free and equal access are prevented from doing so. Conversely, if the society is class-based that society must have a state structure to maintain that unequal access to basic resources and the police are considered as that state structure that is tasked to maintain that inequality by force. Third, responsibilities of the police officers are changed due to the variety and constantly changing needs of the community. Day-to-day order in the community is a need of every inpidual living in a certain community. Thus, traffic control, non-criminal services like locating missing persons, dealing with marital disputes, crowd control, and ambulance calls became part of the responsibilities of police officers. Lastly, the responsibilities of police enforcers changed overtime due to the reform that is gradually created in the organization of law enforcers themselves. Community policing is now the trend. This policy is based on the philosophy on citizens and police working together in creative ways to help solve contemporary problems related to crime, fear of crime, disorder, and decay. Thus, the functions and responsibilities of police officers or law enforcers have changed overtime but one thing remains the same though, law enforcers are considered the protectors of the peace and order of the community. Through them, we are assured that our rights will remain respected and our liberty continued to be cherished. References Robinson, Cryil, Scaglion, Richards and Olivero, J. Michael (1994). Police in Contradiction: The Evolution of the Police Function in the Society. Greenwood Press. Wrobleski, Henri M. and Hess, Karen, (2006). Introduction to Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice. ISBN 0534646689. Berg, Bruce(1998). Policing in Modern Society. Elsevier. Neocleous, Mark (2004). Fabricating Social Order: A Critical History of Police Power. Pluto Press, 93-94. ISBN 978-0-7453-1489-1. Walker, Samuel (1977). A Critical History of Police Reform: The Emergence of Professionalism. Lexington, MT: Lexington Books, 143. ISBN 978-0-6690-1292-7.

Sk Ii Executive Summary Essays

Sk Ii Executive Summary Essays Sk Ii Executive Summary Essay Sk Ii Executive Summary Essay EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: This case examines PG and whether or not it has the ability and means to make SK-II a global brand. Paul de Cesare, President of Max Factor Japan and GLT member of the beauty care GBU, had to recommend one of three alternatives for a global strategy for the SK-II brand: expand into China, build on the brand’s success in Japan, or introduce SK-II to Europe. In doing so, he also had to keep entry strategies for the different markets in mind, and also the organizational change brought about by O2005. e Cesare should recommend the option of growing the SK-II brand in the Japanese market (where it has only 3% share of the $10B beauty market), and introduce the product into major cities of mainland China. In deciding upon which market to enter, two factors are important: 1. The individual country factors must be analyzed and compared with the core competencies of the PG organization. 2. One must understand what the effects of entering new markets will have on the newly created strategic organizational structure of PG under the O2005 plan Overview: The core competencies of SK-II can be replicated easily in the Asian market (Table 1, Appendix, page 6) The European market has different preferences than the Asian market and very different competitive conditions. Market share of SK-II is still low in Asia. The promise of success as shown by large growth in Japan, home to Asia’s most sophisticated beauty product consumers, necessitates that the focus should be on this region. However, with the new organizational structure of PG supporting the widespread sale of its successful products, an attempt at entry into the European/ UK market might provide clues of expansion into other Western markets. SK-II: Sources of Success Well researched and developed product, provides the multi-step process desired in the sophisticated beauty product market of Japan Service at the counter is strong, leading to customer loyalty

Contemporary Issue In Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Contemporary Issue In Marketing - Essay Example Hence, marketers have begun implementing integrated marketing communication tactics along with technology and persuasive communication strategies, in order to build loyalty and long-term relationships with consumers. The present essay will shed light on the contemporary issues faced by marketers in current business environment and the use of integrated marketing communication, technology and persuasive communication in order to create a niche in this ever-increasing competitive environment. Integrated Marketing Communication Even after its inception over a decade ago, IMC and its definition is still subjective and varies in different situations. Few of the terms, defining IMC in parts, may include orchestration, New Advertising, whole egg, relationship marketing, seamless communication, total branding, 360 branding, integrated communication and integrated marketing (Kliatchko, 2005). Regardless of definitions suggested by scholars and researchers, it is undoubted that this new approa ch to marketing and business has become an unalterable strategic operation and no big organization can afford to skip IMC (Kitchen and Li, 2005). The emergence of IMC can be attributed to the inevitable change in customer perception and demands as well as demand for a more systemized and coordinated concept of marketing communication. ... Various studies and surveys on organizations, as well as consumers, have revealed argumentative theories as conclusions over the practice and viability of IMC. Eagle, et al. (1999) had studied advertising executives and marketers in New Zealand to understand the perception with respect to the concept of IMC. Two paradigm concepts dominated, where one considered IMC as a new concept, whereas the other touted it as an unremarkable contribution to the overall marketing. However, the final conclusion was that IMC is not a management fad. In fact, it can be considered as a fundamental change in the perception and practice of communication and marketing, among clients and advertising agencies. Electronic Relationship Electronic relationship is basically building and maintaining relationship with customers on the online platform. Electronic marketing and wooing consumers through digital media has become an integral part of any organization’s marketing and communication strategy. Kara hanna, Agarwal and Angst (2006) have argued that in the present business and economic environment, it is very important to remain connected and updated, be it latest trends and offerings in the market, changes in industry or availability of new information. However, with the rising number of online websites and corporations’ fighting over online media space, it has become a cluttered zone. Consequently, organizations are implementing strategies such as, customer relationship marketing, database research and database marketing, in order to track customers and keep them satisfied. Trust and Commitment One of the major salient features in effectiveness

Oral pathology related to thyroid disorder Research Paper

Oral pathology related to thyroid disorder - Research Paper Example In the event that a suspicion of thyroid malady emerges for an undiagnosed patient, all elective dental treatment ought to be put on hold until a complete restorative assessment is performed. Hypothyroidism is characterized by a reduction in thyroid hormone generation and thyroid gland capacity. Adolescence hypothyroidism known as cretinism is portrayed by thick lips, vast jutting tongue (macroglossia), malocclusion and deferred emission of teeth. Hyperthyroidism is a condition brought on by unregulated generation of thyroid hormones. The oral appearances of thyrotoxicosis, incorporates expanded helplessness to caries, periodontal malady, augmentation of extra glandular thyroid tissue (for the most part in the sidelong back tongue), maxillary or mandibular osteoporosis, quickened dental emission and blazing mouth disorder. Dental treatment adjustments may be fundamental for dental patients who are under restorative administration and catch up for a thyroid condition regardless of the fact that there are no co-horrible conditions. The thyroid gland is a bilobular structure that lies on other side of the trachea. Thyroid brokenness is the second most normal glandular disorder of the endocrine framework and is expanding, overwhelmingly among ladies. Up to 5% of the female populace has adjustments in thyroid capacity, and up to 6% may have clinically discernible thyroid knobs on palpation. An expected 15% of the all inclusive community has anomalies of thyroid anatomy on physical examination, and an obscure rate of these doesn’t finish a symptomatic assessment. It has been proposed that the quantity of individuals influenced may be twice the same number of as the undetected cases. This implies patients with undiagnosed hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism are seen in the dental seat, where routine treatment can possibly bring about unfavourable results (Malamed, 2006). The oral human services proficient ought to be acquainted with the oral and

Officer Mohammed (Tribute Speech) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Officer Mohammed (Tribute Speech) - Essay Example He never hid his pride about me. He treated me different from all other grandchildren, always protected me, and taught me what it takes to succeed in this life. Even though he had his good and bad days, my grandfather was so sensitive to the needs and interests of those around him. His charitable deeds cannot go unnoticed. He extended his charitable hand to the needy, poor, and orphans. He taught me that success and good performance is rewarded by taking me and my brothers to Egypt and giving me monetary rewards for my academic excellence during his life years. His memories run fresh through my mind. When I almost lost my life he was there to save me. This was the time I almost drowned at sea. Luckily Officer Mohammed was there to rescue me. After that, he took it upon himself to teach me how to swim, so that in a repeat situation I can save myself or any other person in need of my help. Amid his outstanding character and personality, my grandfather had one critical weakness; he is not the listening type. Notably, listening skills are vital in any level of interaction between persons (Downs, 2008). His quest for adventure was only satisfied by driving around the city. My father’s concern over my grandfather driving himself landed on deaf ears. He needed not the services of our family driver. An effective and efficient communication (Wood, 2009) never existed in Officer Mohammed’s world. He said and did what he wanted. His poor sight resulted in a road accident that saw him in a coma for 3 days. When he regained consciousness, he asked my father and my uncles to pass his greetings to me and let me know that he was so proud of me. Sadly, these were the last words he uttered soon after the 3-day coma, and that marked the end of his life. This was hard for me to bear because I was in the U.S from 2009 to 2010. I never got to say Good Bye to my beloved

12 Angry Men | Appeal To Pity

12 Angry Men | Appeal To Pity Juror eight used Appeal to pity fallacy which was the most powerful fallacy in the film 12 Angry Men. If we want to see which of the fallacies in the film is used most effectively, we have to take a closer look at which juror did the best job. Twelve jurors gathered in a hot court room to decide if an 18-year- old young man, who had been accused of killing his father, was guilty or not. At first, eleven jurors voted for guilty and one for not guilty. Obviously, eleven jurors, who voted for guilty, had come to vote in a few minutes and go back home, but it was juror eight who convinced other jurors to change their vote. Even though 11 jurors voted for guilty, juror 8 proposed an Appeal to pity fallacy, which was used most effectively, and helped other jurors to investigate the events step by step, and convinced them to vote for not guilty. Juror eight used Appeal to pity fallacy in an effective way. He proposed the first fallacy of the film. He did not claim that the boy was not guilty in a straight way, but when he proposed an Appeal to pity fallacy, it became clear that he wanted to find a reason to convince other jurors that the boy was not guilty. As a result, when juror three asked him if he really thought the boy was innocent, Juror eight said that he did not know. After that, he explained that the boy was not guilty because he was an 18-year- old boy with a miserable past. In juror eights opinion, the boy was too young to kill his father. This is an appeal to pity fallacy because the boys age and miserable life have nothing to do with his conviction. There is an important point here. This fallacy is a positive form of an Appeal to pity fallacy because when juror eight talked about the boys past, other jurors started to think about the events and try to look at the problem in a different way. As if they did not k now anything about investigation at all, and juror eights fallacy gave them an idea to analyze all testimonies which they had heard in main court room. Moreover, he never showed any bad or rude behavior to other jurors. He was always polite. Along with these good behaviors, he was very smart. For example, before the court appointment, he had gone to investigate the neighborhood of the house. This is a kind of smart approach because it revealed an important point about switch-knife. Moreover, even though there was no advance equipment in their hot room, juror eight asked for the diagram of the building and gave an idea to other jurors to measure the time intervals of events with simple and inaccurate tools. At first, other jurors did not accept, but when they heard juror eights smart descriptions, they changed their mind. Because of juror eights smart arrangement, other jurors saw the results and add their own analysis. For example, juror nine explained about the dragging leg of the old man who testified in the court. Then, juror two talked about the stabbing angle of switch knife. After that, it was juror four who described the mechanism of the switch-knife. At last, when all pieces of the puzzle were founded, they changed their vote for not guilty. As a result, Appeal to pity, which was juror eights fallacy, was the most effective fallacy in the film. It changed the situation in favor of accused boy, and saved his life. Calm behavior and effective fallacy of Juror eight convinced juror three. Juror three was the most aggressive opponent, but juror eight finally managed to persuade him to change his vote. This is an important point because juror three never wanted to change his vote. As a result, comparing to other jurors, I was very hard for juror eight to convince juror three. If we take a closer look at juror eight and juror three and compare their behavior, we may see how well juror eight did and how effective juror eights fallacy was. During the meeting, by convincing jurors one by one, the fallacy of juror eight became more and more effective, and the juror three became more and more aggressive. In other words, when juror three saw how other jurors were convicted by juror eights smart approaches, he became more aggressive. For example, after taking preliminary vote, when Juror three talked about the facts and the neighborhood womans testimony, he seemed a very strong and logical jury, but when juror eight proposed his fallacy, juror three became nervous and attacked to juror eight and threatened him. In contrast, Juror eight did not pay any attention to juror threes aggressive behavior and convinced other jurors one by one. When juror three saw that juror eights effusive reasoning convinced others, he said he did not care. He continued his opposition and talked about his argument with his son to prove that he was right. After that, when Juror eight found out that juror eight had a bias against the accused boy, he continued his work more calmly. The calm behavior of juror eight was not tolerable for juror three. As a result, juror three become more aggressive. He revealed his main reason of opposition and showed the photo of his son. Here is an important point. Actually, this was juror threes turning point because when he tried to show the photo, he felt his valet. He was very nervous. The level of his anger showed that in response to juror eights effective fallacy, he had nothing to say. In my opinion, the calm behavior of juror eight was one of the important reasons which made juror three angry, and persuaded him to change his mind. For example, juror eight was very smart and knew that the anxiety of the juror three was based on his past. Moreover, in the middle of meeting, we may see that the argument of juror eight became more personal because he claimed that if he were the executor, he would pull the execution switch. Again, this was juror eight who did better job because his smart behavior obliged juror three to play his last card and reveal the photo of his son. At last, when other jurors left him alone, he torn the photo of his son and acknowledged that it was his whole reason. This is one of the most important moments of this film. Because it shows that the fallacy of juror eight was the most effective fallacy which managed to convince the last juror. In the end of the film, we see that juror eight completed his smart approach. He did not le ft juror three alone. He was the last juror who calmed juror three and accompanied him to left the meeting room. In my opinion, Juror eights effective fallacy step by step convicted juror three to change his vote, and the calm behavior of juror eight played an important role in this procedure. In conclusion, juror eight used an appeal to peaty fallacy, which was the most powerful fallacy in the film, to convince other jurors to change their vote. Juror eight talked about the boys past live. For example, he mentioned that the boy was eighteen years old and could not kill his father. Even though they were not relevant to boys charge, helped other jurors to think over the case, and analyze the evidence step by step. Without his leadership, other jurors did not even know what to do. Most of the jurors had come to vote in two or three minutes and go home. Juror eights fallacy gave them an idea of thinking about the details. After that, we saw that other jurors started to think about events carefully, and add their own understanding to the main incident. For example, they did various measuring time tests and made a connection between the tests. Through the discussion, other jurors convinced one another and changed their vote based on juror eights fallacy. In the end of the film, juror three was the last juror who was convinced and changed his vote for not guilty. Juror three was the most aggressive opponent, but juror eights effective fallacy convinced him to change his vote. In my opinion, this film is a sample of democracy in The United States of America. Different people from different social levels try to convince each other and make a strong verdict to save someones life.it was the fallacy of juror eight which helped others to find a solution.

Type Talk Essay example -- essays research papers

Type Talk: The 16 Personality Types That Determine How We Live, Love, and Work by Otto Kroeger and Janet M. Thuesen Dell Publishing, October, 1989 Type Talk is a primer on personality preference typing centered on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (â€Å"MBTI†). The MBTI is a widely-used â€Å"test† that helps a person begin to understand why people perceive situations differently, communicate different from others, and opt for different activities. The book’s authors, Otto Kroeger and Janet Thuesen, husband and wife, have long been in the forefront of adapting the MBTI for use in everyday life and coined the phrase â€Å"Typewatching† as a descriptor for their work. Kroeger and Thuesen open the book with a chapter on â€Å"name-calling†. They use this phrase, not in the derogatory sense as is often the case, but to show that name-calling is used by everyone as a means of â€Å"cataloging people† based on their unique, identifying characteristics. If we’re to do this inevitable â€Å"name-calling† the authors believe it should be done in an objective and constructive manner and when elevated to this higher level it becomes â€Å"Typewatching† In the early 1920’s the Swiss psychologist Carl Jung developed a theory of personality types where he said behavioral differences were â€Å"a result of preferences related to the basic functions our personalities perform throughout life† (p. 8). Jung’s theory was published in his book titled Personality Types in 1923. Meanwhile, earlier in the century, Katherine Briggs was researching human behavior and through her observations had developed a way to describe it – that due to different life styles, people approach life differently. When Briggs read Jung’s work she found it to be very similar to her own work and set hers aside to focus on Jung’s. Shortly thereafter, Briggs’ daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers became involved and the mother-daughter team sought to assimilate their work with that of Jung. In the 1940’s Myers created an inventory based on her mother’s observations and Jung’s theory. The two women theorized that, with the offensive of the Second World War so near, if people were more aware of their psychological type they could be assigned to wartime roles that best fit their preferences. The MBTI was slow to gain acceptance by the psychological community. Few psychologists signed on to Jung’s obscure theories and even Jung himself felt his theor... ...Another benefit from the style of this book is that it prompts us to laugh at ourselves as I did when I read the traits of a (P)erceiver who is â€Å"easily distracted and can get ‘lost’ between the front door and the car† (p. 21). The foreword to the book comes from Dr. Charles Seashore, a faculty member at Santa Barbara’s Fielding Institute. In his foreword he presents what I feel is a major premise of this book where he says â€Å"impossible conflicts, unreconcilable differences, and personality conflicts are amenable to new types of solutions when seen through the lens of Typewatching. Our hopeless dilemmas are turned to the light in such a way that vivid colors soon replace dull and draining grays. The differences that block us can be translated into differences that empower us.† I find the views expressed in Type Talk offer a perfect complement to the humanistic perspective on personality where the humanists emphasize free will and the innate goodness of humankind. Typewatching seeks to move us beyond the simplistic good/bad, right/wrong approach to behavior by leading us toward an appreciation of the gifts and strengths of ourselves and others and a celebration of our differences.

MEMO strategy

This memo explains the strategy that I will apply to implement the communication situation of the case 5. Audience The audience for the message is the immediate superior, and therefore it is more effective to use memo to communicate with him or her. The reason is because memo is more formal and less personal than a letter or email. This is able to create the semblance of a valid business concern based on data and studies as opposed to a letter, be it hand or type written, which conveys sentiments and passion and is not regarded as authoritative. Purpose The general purpose of the message is to persuade. In order to be able to do this effectively, it must be shown that there is a valid business concern that needs to be addressed. The use of a memo, as mentioned earlier, gives the appearance of official correspondence devoid of any feelings and sentiments, which are usually not considered when making business decisions. Associated essay: Sample Memo for Company Team Building In order to convince the superior, there is a need to downplay personal convictions while at the same time express this as a valid business concern that is normally addressed in day to day business matters. Therefore, memo is the most often used means of accomplishing this in any corporate structure. Content The general tone that must be used in this memo is a formal business tone. The superior needs to understand the relevance of the matter in relation to business and company performance. This is why a business tone, which avoids conversational language, must be used. Structure Finally, since this will be addressed to a superior, the memo must avoid a direct and confrontational approach while maintaining its authoritativeness.   Before beginning, a buffer can be used to improve the way the superior will handle the situation and perhaps be able to get the desired outcome.   The first few sentences should already outline the problem that will be faced and the potential cost, which helps get the boss’s attention. By the end, it must be made clear to the boss what action must be taken.   The memo must also take care as not to appear as if it is attacking the superior or severely criticizing his decision and this can be achieved by adding a buffer at the beginning. Based on the analysis of this communication situation, I will use a memo as an effective medium to solve this case. To:  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Brad Pitt, Executive Director From:  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hayeon Jung, Project Head Date:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   November 13, 2006 Subject:  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Extended Warranties and Sales training We have recently received news which may be vital to the profitability of our extended warranty sales and after a careful study of our proposed actions regarding the sales training program for extended warranties, I believe that it may be in our best interests to come up with an alternative approach regarding this matter.   Based on my studies, this has the potential to be very risky move for the company because of the lower sales of all company products due to the anticipated consumer backlash to this marketing strategy. Business Week, a widely read business magazine, is publishing an article on extended warranties, and it makes specific mention of the fact that half of the warranty price goes to the salesperson as a commission and that only 20 percent of the total amount customers pay for warranties eventually goes to product repair. Early failures are usu ­ally covered by manufacturers' warranties, and the extended warranties we are selling are designed to cover that middle part of the life span. In other words, many extended warranties cover the period of time during which consumers are least likely to need them and offer no coverage when consumers need them most. While extended warranties present profitable margins for the company, the resulting consumer backlash from this article could potentially reduce sales for all of the company’s products. With the current sales training lined up, more aggressive marketing for extended warranties will send the wrong signal to the consumers. Furthermore, the potential threat of added media exposure caused by the article in Business Week could threaten the sales projections for the company. It is strongly recommended that the plan to continue the sales training be ceased.   Doing so will reduce any overhead costs and training expenses that may be incurred from the implementation of the training program. Moreover, alternative marketing strategies such as using the Business Week article to the advantage of the company can be formulated instead of the sales training. I strongly believe that our company has a great future under your leadership as we continually explore ways to strengthen the relationship between the customers and the company. Hayeon jung Customer Service Manager

Endeca Technologies Essay

Executive Summary Endeca Technologies is a software company that established by Steve Papa on September 4th 2001. In the case, the company is currently looking for a Series C round funding to reduce the expected pre-money valuation multiple times because of the NASDAQ had fallen. In the end, the company got a rough pre-money valuation of $25M. At this time, there are two different term sheets that each of them contains some pros and cons putting in front of Papa to let him choose. Overall, Papa should choose the first term sheet because the benefits in that term sheet are more than the second term sheet, and at the same time it has less cons. Does Endeca look like a good investment at this time? Overall, Endeca looks like a risky choice for investors to invest. Since Endeca is a technology software company, this industry is very competitive and intensive; everyday there are new firms emerge in this industry with new technologies and ideas. At the beginning, Endeca planed to make a Series C round funding in around November and Decemeber in 2000. However, because of the NASDAQ was falling, the CEO Papa realized that raising funding at that time was vey hard. Thus, Papa extended the funds from Series B to an extra six months. Papa’s action gave many other firms to have the chances to catch up and build up their technologies and management strategies. Thus after this six-months delay, Endeca needs to put in more effort to gain back its market status. What are the motivations for BVP and Venrock? Ampersand? Bessemer Venture Partners and Venrock invested in the second round on Endeca. Because Papa had connections with Venrock, where he had served a summer internship while at HBS. Papa and Venrock built the good relationship at that time, thus Venrock is willing to invest in Endeca, which is his motivation to invest in the firm. Ampersand is a new potentially company that will invest in Endeca in Series C. This is a very diversified company and so far they didn’t invest in any technology company similar to Endeca  yet. First, because Ampersand never invested in any firm in this industry yet, as a diversified investing firm, they are willing to take the chance to try new thing to invest on Endeca. Secondly, Ampersand has a long-standing connection to Endeca’s top management team, which is also Ampersand’s motivation to invest in Endeca. How has the CEO handled the C round? Would you do anything different? The CEO Papa hasn’t handled the Series C round well due to many different reasons. First, as mentioned before, because at that time the NASDAQ was falling, in order to avoid the bad investment situation and wished the market will get better again, Papa stretched the Series B investment for an extra six months. However, this turned out to be a bad decision. The fact is that the market didn’t improve later and the company was having difficult to get the term sheet from investors. Secondly, even though fortunately Papa got two term sheets in the end, what he did wrong was that he made a verbal commitment to the insider-led and a potential client DGSCP says that one offer is better than the other one. If in the end Papa choose the other offer, he might be risky on breaking his words in front of DGSCP and losing business with them. If I were responsible for handling the C round, I would definitely do things differently. First of all, I would not delay the Series C round investment. I think investment funds are extremely important on doing a business; it is always better to prepare for enough funding rather than need it but cannot get the money. In addition, I would not bring the insider-led and the potential client DGSCP into the deal to give any verbal commitment before I made my decision. Provide a detailed discussion of the pros and cons of the two term sheets. Which is more favorable to Endeca? Evaluate the two term sheets both financially (in terms of value) and non-financially (other terms.) Which provides them with a higher probability of survival and success? First Term Sheet Pros Cons Many investors who invested before, easier for the transition Barely dilutes Venrock Original Price equals to Liquidation Preference Made verbal commitment before Potential client DGSCP involved Lower price per share, $0.985/share Less Capital Low valuation Second Term Sheet Pros Cons Higher Price per share, $1.25/share More capital Bring in new investors, new opportunity Lose Anger Series B investors and DGSCP in the C round More complicated because of new investors Ampersand doesn’t have much experience in investing this industry Accrued dividends and redemption rights As the chief representative for Endeca’s shareholders, which deal should recommend to the Board? Why? As the chief representative for Endeca’s shareholders, I think Papa should choose the first term sheet. According to the analysis above, the first term  sheet has more benefits over the second term sheet and less cons compared to the second term sheet. The only thing I concern about the first term sheet is the capital is less than the second term sheet. However, in reality the capital that the second term sheet provided is still far from what Papa initially wanted for Series C. Most importantly, because Papa made the verbal commitment with the potential DGSCP client that he would choose the first term sheet, consider the future cooperation and business that Papa would probably do with DGSCP, I think it is a wise choice to choose the first one at this point.

Free Essays on Zero-Tolerance

Policing In the USA The appointment of the Presidents Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice (1988) marked the beginning of what is generally considered to have been a period of great change in American policing. However the concept of â€Å"Zero-tolerance† emerged in the 1980s. Zero tolerance was originally intended to send a message to people that certain behaviors would not be tolerated, by punishing both major and minor offenses severely. The Zero tolerance drug programs led to a host of civil rights controversies (Skiba and Peterson, 1999). The term then caught on among educators concerned about youth violence, and school boards across the country adapted to a zero tolerance policies for a range of disrupted behaviors. In 1994, President Clinton signed the Gun Free Schools Act, mandating one year expulsion for possession of fire arms in school. Zero Tolerance, the original version was the ‘broken windows’ thesis which promoted the idea of greater use of ‘beat’ police who patrolled neighborhoods on foot and negotiated acceptable public behavior - constantly making distinctions between the respectable and the disreputable. Importantly, in the original thesis public order was improved and maintained through the informal rules which were worked out at the neighborhood level (Wilson and Kelling 1982, p.30). More recently Kelling and Coles (1997) still stress the need for negotiation of a ‘disorder threshold’ and argue that ‘crackdowns’ and street ‘sweeping’ is far different from the ideas proposed in the broken windows thesis. What are the provisions of the Gun-Free Schools Act? The Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994 mandates a 12-month expulsion for possession of a firearm and referral of law-violating students to the criminal or juvenile justice system. It also requires that state law must authorize the chief administrative officer of each local school district to modify such expulsions on... Free Essays on Zero-Tolerance Free Essays on Zero-Tolerance Policing In the USA The appointment of the Presidents Commission on Law Enforcement and the Administration of Justice (1988) marked the beginning of what is generally considered to have been a period of great change in American policing. However the concept of â€Å"Zero-tolerance† emerged in the 1980s. Zero tolerance was originally intended to send a message to people that certain behaviors would not be tolerated, by punishing both major and minor offenses severely. The Zero tolerance drug programs led to a host of civil rights controversies (Skiba and Peterson, 1999). The term then caught on among educators concerned about youth violence, and school boards across the country adapted to a zero tolerance policies for a range of disrupted behaviors. In 1994, President Clinton signed the Gun Free Schools Act, mandating one year expulsion for possession of fire arms in school. Zero Tolerance, the original version was the ‘broken windows’ thesis which promoted the idea of greater use of ‘beat’ police who patrolled neighborhoods on foot and negotiated acceptable public behavior - constantly making distinctions between the respectable and the disreputable. Importantly, in the original thesis public order was improved and maintained through the informal rules which were worked out at the neighborhood level (Wilson and Kelling 1982, p.30). More recently Kelling and Coles (1997) still stress the need for negotiation of a ‘disorder threshold’ and argue that ‘crackdowns’ and street ‘sweeping’ is far different from the ideas proposed in the broken windows thesis. What are the provisions of the Gun-Free Schools Act? The Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994 mandates a 12-month expulsion for possession of a firearm and referral of law-violating students to the criminal or juvenile justice system. It also requires that state law must authorize the chief administrative officer of each local school district to modify such expulsions on...

Evaluation of Firm versus Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evaluation of Firm versus Market - Essay Example A firm’s decision to make or buy depends on which is more beneficial to the firm. If the firm chooses to make then it will have to engage in vertical integration where it starts or acquires a business in order to facilitate upstream activities that are required for the production of the goods and services that it provides. In making this decision there are various factors for consideration, including the coordination of production flows through the vertical chain. In order to determine whether to make or buy a firm should compare the benefits and costs of using the market as opposed to performing the activity internally. The benefits of using the market include: ï‚ § The fact that firms that are producing for the market (market firms)can achieve economies of scale that cannot be achieved by producing that the firm may not be able to achieve by producing it internally ï‚ § Market firms must operate both efficient and innovative to survive and so they have to subject themselves to the discipline that the market requires. The overall success of the corporate entity may hide the inefficiencies that exist in carrying out specific activities internally. The costs of using the market include: ï‚ § The fact that coordination of production flows through the vertical chain may be compromised when an activity is purchased from an independent market firm rather than performed internally. ï‚ § The risk of private information being leaked to competitors by the independent market firm.... In order to determine whether to make or buy a firm should compare the benefits and costs of using the market as opposed to performing the activity internally. The benefits of using the market include: The fact that firms that are producing for the market (market firms)can achieve economies of scale that cannot be achieved by producing that the firm may not be able to achieve by producing it internally Market firms must operate both efficient and innovative to survive and so they have to subject themselves to the discipline that the market requires. The overall success of the corporate entity may hide the inefficiencies that exist in carrying out specific activities internally. The costs of using the market include: The fact that coordination of production flows through the vertical chain may be compromised when an activity is purchased from an independent market firm rather than performed internally. The risk of private information being leaked to competitors by the independent mark et firm. transaction costs involved in doing business with independent market firms can be avoided if the activity is performed internally Coordination of production of production flows through the vertical chain is of extreme importance to business. When the decision to buy a product from a market firm is taken coordination of production flows has to be emphasized through the preparation of contracts. In order for this to be a success the decisions that one firm makes must be coordinated with those of the other firm. There has to be a good fit if this cooperative effort is to succeed. The dimensions of production that this encompass are timing fit; size fit; colour fit; and sequence fit. Timing fit relates to the coordination of the increased supply of a new

Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Research - Assignment Example Research findings, clinical knowledge, knowledge resulting from basic science as well as opinion from expert are all regarded as â€Å"evidence† (Drake and Goldman 32). Practices that are based on research findings, however, have high chances of resulting into outcomes that match the desires of patients across different settings as well as geographic locations. The challenge for evidence based practice is caused by the pressure from health care facility due to containment of cost, larger availability of information, greater sway of consumer regarding care and treatment options. This kind of practice demands some changes in students’ education, more research which is practice-relevant, and a working relationship between researchers and clinicians (Drake and Goldman 38). Evidence-based form of practice also brings an opportunity for nursing care to be more effective, more individualized, dynamic, streamlined and opportunities to maximize clinical judgment effects. When there is reliance on evidence in defining best practices but not for supporting practices that exist, then nursing care is said to be keeping pace with recent technological changes and benefits from developments of new knowledge (Drake and Goldman 49). Although many young professionals have embraced this new approach, it has come with its challenges. A number of researc h studies have indicated that perception of nurses towards EBP is positive and they regard it useful to better care of patients. This research will critically analyze the barriers towards full acceptance of EBP. This will be a descriptive research design. Qualitative research does not, by definition, aim to precisely estimate population parameters or test hypotheses. However, most qualitative projects do attempt. This design was identified as the most convenient and ensured that the data obtained gave answers to the research questions. Descriptive design also offers the opportunity for a logical structure of the inquiry into